Abstract: Chronic prostatitis (CP) is one of the common and frequently-occurring diseases of the genitourinary system, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. Studies have found that there is a close relationship between CP and infertility, which may be related to inflammation in semen, oxidative stress damage and other factors. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of infertility in patients with CP are still unclear. In recent years, some scholars believe that it may be related to the changes of human microflora such as genitourinary system and intestinal tract of themselves and their sexual partners. Therefore, this article reviews the changes of CP associated infertility and human microflora in order to understand the pathogenesis and treatment of infertility in clinical CP patients.