Abstract: TRIM (tripartite-motif proteins) is a basic protein composed of three domains and named after its unique structure, which is involved in regulating many physiological and pathological processes such as cell signal transduction, apoptosis, immune response, inflammation and tumor regulation. At present, there are more than 80 known TRIM proteins in human beings, and TRIM34 protein is an important member of its protein family, but the research on TRIM34 protein is relatively limited in the past. Recent studies show that TRIM34 plays an important role in anti-tumor therapy, tumor prognosis prediction, anti-HIV and microbial infection, and immune response regulation. Based on a brief summary of the molecular structure and functional domain characteristics of TRIM34 protein, this paper introduces the common characteristics of TRIM34 protein in detail, focusing on the functions of TRIM34 protein, such as promoting cell apoptosis, blocking inflammatory tumor pathway, predicting the curative effect of immunotherapy, preventing retrovirus infection and stimulating the formation of multinucleated cells, which provides some theoretical reserves for a comprehensive understanding of TRIM 34 protein.