Abstract: Background　Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a congenital disorder that persists throughout the lifespan. Its treatment and rehabilitation process is lengthy, involving not only complex physiological functional reconstruction but also profound psychosocial adaptation challenges. Objective　To investigate the current status of social alienation in hospitalized surgical patients with DDH and analyze its associated factors. Methods　A convenience sampling method was used in inpatients who underwent surgery for DDH at the Department of Joint Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from December 2024 to January 2026. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among eligible patients using a general information questionnaire, the General Alienation Scale, the Social Impact Scale, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, and the Perceived Social Support Scale to analyze the current status and associated factors of social alienation in surgical patients with DDH. Results　 A total of 320 questionnaires were distributed, and 314 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 98.13%. There were 63 males (20.06%) and 251 females (79.94%), and the median age was 29.0 (Q1, Q3: 21.0, 37.0) years. The social alienation score was 34.00 (Q1, Q3: 29.00, 40.00), indicating a moderate level overall. The illness perception score was 44.00 (Q1, Q3: 38.00, 51.00), the social impact score was 53.00 (Q1, Q3: 45.00, 61.00), and the social support score was 62.00 (Q1, Q3: 50.00, 77.00). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (B=-5.789, β=-0.282, P＜0.001), medical payment method (B=-4.485, β=-0.154, P＜0.001), illness perception (B=3.461, β=0.205, P=0.005), social impact (B=10.492, β=0.355, P＜0.001), and social support (B=-5.706, β=-0.355, P＜0.001) were independent associated factors of social alienation in patients with DDH (model R² =0.527, adjusted R² =0.490; F=14.056, P＜0.001). In the mediation analysis, the indirect effect of social support on social alienation through social impact was -0.082 (95% CI: -0.113 to -0.052), indicating that social impact partially mediated the relationship between social support and social alienation, with the mediating effect accounting for 35.69% of the total effect. The indirect effect of illness perception on social alienation through social impact was 0.205 (95% CI: 0.154 to 0.264), indicating that social impact also partially mediated the relationship between illness perception and social alienation, with the mediating effect accounting for 91.98% of the total effect. Conclusion　Patients with DDH generally exhibit a moderate overall level of social alienation, which is influenced by multidimensional factors, and they still face certain difficulties in social reintegration. In clinical practice, greater emphasis should be placed on the early identification of social alienation in these patients, and timely, targeted interventions should be provided.