Abstract: Objective To provide reference data for aviation hygiene support by investigating the disease spectrum of the third generation fighter pilots in recent years. Methods Diseases in the third generation fighter pilots admitted to our hospital from November 2006 to November 2012 were classified. The component ratio and distribution of diseases in different departments were analyzed with the conclusion achieved for their flight. Results The diseases usually occurred in the third generation fighter pilots at the age of 25 - 39 years, accounting for 74.2%. The top 10 diseases were pars interarticularis(12.9%), followed by meniscus injury(11.3%), arrhythmia (9.7%), lumbar disc herniation(8.7%), sinusitis(5.7%), ground syncope (4.0%), anxiety-depression condition(4.0%), gastric ulcer (4.0%), headache(3.2%)and acceleration intolerance (2.4%). The diseases were distributed in department of orthopedics, followed by in departments of neurology, cardiology, otorhinolaryngology and gastroenterology. Forty-two point two percent of pilots were identified as temporary or permanent grounding. Conclusion Exercise and training-related joint and spinal diseases, and functional diseases are common in the third generation fighter pilots. Measures should be taken for such diseases in aviation hygiene support and physical examination.