Abstract: Objective To analyze the main points of identification and misdiagnostic reasons of allergic parotitis and other parotid diseases manifestating as swelling of parotidgland. Methods Medical records of a patient with allergic parotitis who was diagnosed and treated in Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University on July 30, 2015 were retrospectively investigated and its related literatures were reviewed. Results The patient was female with age of 58 years old, and she went to hospital for more than 30 years of asthma and 20 years of repeated swelling of parotidgland.Allergen tests showed that the patient was allergic to dust mites, cockroaches, scandent hops, rape flowers, oak-leavedgoosefeet, ragweeds, fungi and eggs.The diagnosis of bronchial asthma, chronic urticaria, allergic parotitis and food anaphylaxis were established.The treatments for the patient were scheduled including: avoiding eating eggs, codfish and tomatoes and keeping a diary for foods; giving specific immunotherapy for the three allergens, i.e.dusts, dust mites and fungi.Half a month later, the symptoms of asthma and parotidgland swelling disappeared and no longer arised. Conclusion Compared with parotid diseases manifestating as parotid swelling, e.g.acute parotitis, allergic parotitis is characterized as a family history of allergic diseases combined with concomitant bronchial asthma, urticaria and angioneurotic edema as well as allergic reaction to airborne allergens and some foods.In addition, numerous eosinophils present in parotid secretion smears.The typical characteristics mentioned above contribute to differential diagnosis of allergic parotitis.