Abstract: Objective To explore the association between anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) /anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and adverse pregnancy outcome in the first trimester. Methods Four hundred and twenty euthyroid early pregnant women who received prenatal examination from October 2014 to February 2016 were enrolled in our study. According to the TPOAb and TgAb levels, they were divided into 4 groups (TPOAb and TgAb both positive, TPOAb positive and TgAb negative, TPOAb negative and TgAb positive, TPOAb and TgAb both negative) to analyze the effect of TPOAb and TgAb levels on adverse pregnancy outcome. Results Of the 420 cases, 21 cases (5.0%) were detected as TPOAb positive and TgAb negative, 25 cases (5.95%) were TPOAb negative and TgAb positive, and 17 cases (4.05%) were TPOAb and TgAb both positive. Compared with TPOAb and TgAb both negative group, the incidences of hypothyroidism in the second-trimester and premature rupture of membranes in euthyroid early pregnant women with TPOAb and TgAb both positive were significantly higher (11.76% vs 1.4%, P< 0.05; 17.65% vs 7.84%, P< 0.05), while there were no significant differences in the incidences of abortion, gestational hypertension, premature birth and neonatal complications among 4 groups (P< 0.05). Conclusion The incidence rates of hypothyroidism in the second-trimester and premature rupture of membranes are higher in euthroid early pregnant women with both positive TPOAb and TgAb, therefore, the detection of TPOAb and TgAb should be taken in early pregnancy, and the thyroid function should be monitored regularly, to decrease the risk of adverse pregnancy.