Abstract: Objective To analyze the clinical effect of abdominal drainage for patients undergoing day-surgery laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC/DS). Methods Clinical data about 159 patients undergoing abdominal drainage in LC/DS (study group) and 162 patient simply undergoing LC/DS (control group) in our hospital from November 2009 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The operating time, blood loss, postoperative complications, readmission rate, hospital stay, abdominal drainage volume, drainage time and other information were collected and analyzed, the clinical effect of two groups was compared. Results There was no significant difference in general data between two groups, except for gender. The operating time 110.00 (75.00, 140.00) min vs 102.50 (94.75, 117.90) min, P=0.769 and blood loss 20.00 (10.00, 50.00) ml vs 20.00 (10.00, 35.00) ml, P=0.224 were not significantly different between two groups, but the postoperative hospitalization 2.00(2.00, 3.00) d vs 1.00(1.00, 1.00) d, P=0.000 and postoperative complications rate (30.19% vs 9.88%, P=0.000) were significantly higher in the study group compared with control group. In the study group, there were significant differences in the drainage time and total drainage volume between mild adhesion (MA), severe adhesion (SA), severe adhesion plus acute inflammation (SA & AI) groups (all P< 0.01), the drainage time and total drainage volume were significantly higher in the SA and (SA & AI) groups compared with the MA group (all P< 0.01). Conclusion Postoperative complications occur frequently when adopting abdominal drainage after LC/DS, especially abdominal pain around the drainage tube. It's not necessary to use abdominal drainage in LC/DS when there is no special indication or mild adhesion surrounding gallbladder. However, it is recommended when there is severe adhesion or acute inflammation surrounding gallbladder.