Abstract: Age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, neoplasms, musculoskeletal diseases and so on, are prominent problems on the road to longevity and health, which not only lowers the quality of life of the population, but also increases the burden on society and families. As a recent research hotspot, the gut microbiota has gradually revealed to be related with the above-mentioned several diseases, and its link with longevity has begun to be concerned. This article focuses on the changes and prospects of gut microbiota in longevity populations, possible mechanisms of longevity, and longevity intervention research targeting gut microbiota.