Background Apoptotic vesicles (apovs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells play a role in promoting bone tissue regeneration, while studies have not yet been reported on the application of apoptotic vesicles derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC-apovs) in bone tissue regeneration.
Objective To explore the effects of hDPSC-apovs on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSC).
Methods Primary hDPSC was isolated and identified. The hDPSC was induced to apoptosis by staurosporine, then hDPSC-apovs were isolated by high-speed centrifugation. mBMSC were co-cultured with different concentrations of hDPSC-apovs (0, 0.2, 1, 5, and 25 μg/mL), the effect of hDPSC-apovs on mBMSC proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. Besides, mBMSC were cultured in osteogenic medium containing different concentrations of hDPSC-apovs for 7 d, then the calcium nodule forming ability was analyzed by alizarin red staining and the mRNA expression levels of Alp, Runx2, Spp1, and Bglap were analyzed by qPCR.
Results Compared with the control group, 0.2 and l μg/mL hDPSC-apovs promoted the proliferation of mBMSC (P < 0.05), while 5 and 25 μg/mL hDPSC-apovs inhibited the proliferation of mBMSC (P < 0.05). The calcium nodule forming ability of mBMSC in the groups in which mBMSC was treated by different concentrations of hDPSC-apovs was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression levels of Alp, Runx2, Spp1, and Bglap were up-regulated in the 5 and 25 μg/mL hDPSC-apovs groups, Alp and Runx2 were significantly up-regulated in the 1 μg/mLhDPSC-apovs group, but only Alp was upregulated in the 0.2 μg/mL hDPSC-apovs group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion Within the concentration range of this study, hDPSC-apovs may promote the proliferation of mBMSC at low concentrations and have an inhibitory effect at high concentrations. hDPSC-apovs can promote the osteogenic differentiation of mBMSC, and the effects on the expression of osteogenesis-related genes may be concentration-dependent.
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