Research advances on extracellular matrix protein FN1 in regulating bone diseases and related signaling pathways

Bone metabolism is a dynamic balance process regulated by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The tight coupling of bone resorption and formation in time and space maintains the normal reconstruction of bone. Abnormal differentiation of osteoblasts or osteoclasts may lead to imbalance in bone metabolism and related diseases. Fibronectin 1 (FN1), encoded by the FN1 gene, is an important extracellular matrix protein that is crucial for various biological processes and normal tissue functions. FN1's impact on bone metabolism and skeletal diseases has historically received less attention, but increasing evidence suggests that FN1 protein participates in the regulation of signaling pathways in bone metabolism-related diseases. This review summarizes the research progress on the FN1 in bone metabolism and related bone diseases in recent years, aiming to provide a basic for research on orthopedic diseases.