Research advances in correlation between ultrasound phenotypic abnormalities and genetics in fetuses at 11-14 weeks

Fetal congenital abnormalities are often caused by genetic factors and the interaction between genetics and the environment, and they are closely related to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, fetal ultrasound screening between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation is crucial. With the advancement of ultrasound technology, various ultrasound phenotype abnormalities can be detected during this period, providing a scientific basis for early diagnosis and intervention. This article reviews the latest research progress on the correlation between fetal ultrasound phenotype abnormalities and genetics from 11 to 14 weeks of gestation, covering multiple aspects including the lymphatic system, facial features, nervous system, cardiovascular system, abdominal structures, and skeletal system. These findings are essential for enhancing the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis and can provide guidance for genetic counseling and clinical management, which can improve the health prognosis for both the fetus and the pregnant woman.