Research advances in energy metabolism reprogramming and colorectal cancer

Tumor metabolic reprogramming is the biological metabolic change that occurs in tumor cells to adapt to low oxygen environments and low nutritional status, resulting in significant differences in the metabolic patterns of substances such as glucose, glutamine, and fatty acids in tumor cells compared to normal cells. Metabolic reprogramming provides sufficient energy material basis to maintain the vitality of tumor cells and is also considered an important sign of tumor progression. Many studies have shown that metabolic reprogramming can regulate multiple biological processes of colorectal cancer, playing an important role in maintaining the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells and enhancing their resistance to chemotherapy drugs, while promoting the proliferation and activation of immunosuppressive cells, and jointly driving tumor cells to escape the immune system.Therefore, we summarizes the main biological functions, potential targets, and signaling pathways of metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer, analyzes the application of natural products and small molecule inhibitors targeting metabolic reprogramming, and the impact of colorectal cancer metabolic reprogramming on the tumor microenvironment and immune cells, aiming to provide ideas for the development of new anti-tumor treatment strategies for the clinical prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.