Animal models in research on age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the individuals older than 65 years. It is a complex chronic disease influenced by age, genetic and environmental factors. AMD begins in Bruch's membrane and progresses into the retinal pigment epithelium and ultimately the overlying photoreceptors. It has several subtypes. Its etiology still remains unclear and its therapy is still a big challenge. Recently, there are several AMD animal models have been established for research. This article reviews these diversity of animal models, both on their advantages and limitations, in order to provide some details for further study.