Research progress in motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by a range of motor symptoms. Besides the cardinal symptoms such as akinesia, bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, postural and gait disturbance, it also has secondary symptoms, including:micrographia, hypophonia, dysarthria and decline in fine motor skills such as precison grip. Clinicians usually are familiar with cardinal motor symptoms rather than those seemingly secondary ones. We provide an extensive review of the clinical features, underlining neuromechanism and their relationship, paving the way for further insight into how medical or surgical treatment improve motor symptoms, eventually facilitating overall management of unified motor systems, and providing evidence for appropriate DBS target choice and brain network study in different PD subtypes.