Research advances in biomarkers of heart failure

Heart failure is a syndrome of cardiac pump dysfunction caused by various causes. Novel biomarkers reflecting different pathophysiological processes present in heart failure are crucially important for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment guidance of heart failure. This article reviews the clinical applications of biomarkers based on the correlation between biomarkers and different pathophysiological pathways of heart failure, and the multiple-biomarkers strategy is also discussed.