Management of immune-related adverse events of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors therapy

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown impressive efficacy on malignant tumors and are becoming a mainstay in the treatment of cancer entities. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have been widely used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, malignant melanoma, renal carcinoma and other cancers, and they have prolonged the overall survival of patients. Meanwhile, they can induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These side effects can involve any organ and sometimes can be life-threatening. We review the irAEs of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors therapy in various organs and the corresponding management, which can provide theory basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.