Risk factors of recurrent urinary tract infection within 1 year after kidney transplantation

Objective To investigate the risk factors and clinical characteristics of recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI) after kidney transplantation. Methods The occurrence of UTI in 259 recipients in our transplant-center within 1-year after kidney transplant was retrospectively analyzed. According to the episodes of UTI, the recipients were divided into isolated group and recurrent group. The clinical features of RUTI were analyzed, and the risk factors of RUTI were analyzed using univariate analysis and logistic regression model. Results Recipients in RUTI group had significantly higher mean Leucocyturia number (2 240±350)/ml vs (123±78)/ml, P< 0.01, higher incidence of systemic inflammatory response (68.4% vs 10.5%, P< 0.01) and previous using of antibiotics (89.5% vs 45.3%, P< 0.01), higher rate of allograft nephrectomy (42.1% vs 0, P< 0.01), and higher recipient mortality (31.6% vs 0, P< 0.01). The incidence of RUTI was 7.3%, and the independent risk factors of RUTI were donation after circulatory death (HR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1 - 5.2; P< 0.01) and multiple drug resistance (HR: 10.2, 95% CI: 5.1 - 29.6; P< 0.01). Conclusion Accurate evaluation of the risk of donor infection, early detection of MDR is the key to prevent RUTI.