Research advances in percutaneous endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion

With the rapid development of endoscopic technology and minimally invasive instruments, spinal endoscopic technology has been widely used in clinical practice. Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (PE-LIF), as an emerging minimally invasive spine technique, is expected to lead the development direction of minimally invasive spine surgery. In this paper, the latest research advances in PE-LIF in the aspects of surgical indications and contraindications, available technical means, and the selection of fusion apparatus are reviewed.