Background In recent years, various units of The Chinese People’s Liberation Army have organized a large number of exercises, especially for medical treatment, and the rescue process has gradually become mature. However, there is still a lack of research on the animal models of trauma and experience in actual combat.
Objective To simulate the whole rescue process for an animal model of multiple injuries by military surgery support force in field training bases, investigate the effect of damage control surgery and the shortcomings of existing mobile surgical forces, and propose an optimized strategy.
Methods Two adult sheep were selected to establish a model of target injury under general anesthesia. After the establishment of the model, the sheep were transferred to the surgical shelter for emergency treatment, and the operation process, time of operation, and vital signs were recorded. The rescue was completed in the simulated battlefield environment with sudden power failure. After surgery, the animals were transferred to a severe injury treatment group for captive breeding; venous and arterial blood samples were collected to measure serum electrolytes and blood gas parameters, and the experimental animals were observed in terms of survival within three days.
Results Two animal models of target injury were established successfully, i.e., an animal model of closed abdominal impact injury with upper limb abrasion and an animal model of multiple injuries. Emergency rescue of the two animal models was completed in the surgical shelter under conventional conditions or extreme power failure conditions. For model 1, the time of operation was 34 minutes for exploratory laparotomy, repair of gastric wall rupture and perforation, and debridement and suture of the left upper limb; for model 2, the time of operation was 58 minutes for exploratory laparotomy and temporary abdominal closure by repair of gastric wall rupture and perforation, liver packing hemostasis, and patching, as well as thoracic cavity exploration and placement of closed thoracic drainage tube, craniocerebral necrosectomy and decompressive craniectomy, and debridement and suture of the left thigh. The two experimental animals had stable vital signs during and after surgery and both awoke from anesthesia within 30 minutes after surgery. The ability of autonomic activity was gradually recovered at 2 hours after surgery, and the animals were fed at 6 hours after surgery. Vital signs and autonomic activity were in good condition during the following 3 days. Serum electrolytes and blood gas parameters remained stable without abnormal fluctuation.
Conclusion Existing mobile surgical force can complete the emergency surgical treatment of the animal models of multiple injuries under medical conditions in the field training base, and the rescue process is smooth and mature. However, medical preparation under extreme conditions should be further optimized based on actual combat.
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