prevention and management of hydroxyapatite exposure

Objective：To study the factors leading to extensive hydroxyapatite exposure and evaluate the methods of treatment.Methods： 46cases of hydroxyapatite exposure were included in this study.They were treated with different methods according to the area of exposure.Among them，5were sutured directly，and 6 were repaired with allo-sclera.Dermis combined with preserved amnion implantation was performed in 24 cases.In 9 cases with infection，the infected hydroxyapatite was replaced with new one.Results：All the exposed hydroxyapatite was successfully repaired by single surgery.Artificial eyes were implanted in 3 to 7weeks.The patients were followed 1 to 6 years ，and cosmetic effect was satisfactory.Conclusion：It is an effective method to repair hydroxyapatite exposure of large area using autologous dermis and /or amnion implantation.Early and adequate treatments of small hydroxyapatite exposure are important in preventing severe complications.