老年男性人群衰弱状态评估及其关联因素分析

杨艳辉; 高萌; 瓮长水; 蒋天裕; 张丽; 侯惠如

doi:10.12435/j.issn.2095-5227.2023.018

老年男性人群衰弱状态评估及其关联因素分析

Assessment on frailty and associated factors in elderly male patients

摘要

摘要:
背景衰弱是老年人群的严重公共卫生问题，但老年衰弱研究领域尚存在基础数据不足情况。
目的系统评估老年人群发生衰弱的关联因素，为制定干预策略提供流行病学证据。
方法采用横断面研究方法，以2021年6月-2022年2月于解放军总医院第二医学中心门诊就诊的65岁以上男性老年患者为研究对象，对其健康状况进行问卷调查和功能评估。调查内容包括人口学资料、疾病史、多重用药情况、营养情况、心理状态、日常生活活动能力、睡眠情况、认知能力及衰弱状态评价等。利用Logistic回归模型进行衰弱的影响因素分析。
结果 249例男性老年受试者纳入研究，平均年龄(84.82 ± 9.24)岁，衰弱患病率为45.38%。Logistic回归单因素分析显示，年龄、体质量、服药数量、疾病数量、营养状态、抑郁情绪、日常生活活动能力、睡眠情况、认知情况、步态功能(6 m步行测试)、跌倒情况、运动情况等与衰弱的发生相关(P<0.05)。Logistic回归多因素分析显示，日常生活活动能力得分高(OR=0.91，95% CI：0.83 ~ 0.99)和握力高(OR=0.78，95% CI：0.66 ~ 0.92)的老年人发生衰弱概率更低(P<0.05)。
结论男性老年人群衰弱的发生是多种危险因素共同作用的结果，特别是与握力下降、日常生活活动能力下降关系密切。

Abstract:
Background Frailty is a serious public health problem for the elderly. At present, there is still a basic data insufficiency in the field of aging research.
Objective To systematically assess the associated factors of frailty in the elderly and provide epidemiological evidence for formulating intervention strategies.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the health status and function of older male inpatients aged over 65 years in the Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from June 2021 to February 2022. The survey included demographic data, disease history, multiple medication use, nutrition, psychological status, activities of daily living, sleep, cognitive ability, and evaluation of frailty status. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of frailty.
Results A total of 249 older male subjects were investigated, with an average age of (84.82 ± 9.24) years. The prevalence of frailty in this population was 45.38%. The results of univariate Logistic regression showed that age, BMI, number of medications taken, number of diseases, nutritional status, depression, activities of daily living, sleep status, cognitive status, gait function (6m walking test), falls, and exercise were associated with the frailty (P <0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that activities of daily living (OR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.83-0.99) and grip strength (OR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.66-0.92) were associated with the occurrence of frailty (P<0.05).
Conclusion The frailty in the elderly male population is accompanied with the decline of grip strength and activities of daily living.

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