Abstract: Non-puerperal mastitis (NPM) is a collective term for a group of chronic inflammatory diseases with breast pain, lumps, abscesses, sinus tracts or fistulas as the main clinical manifestations, presenting a variety of pathological manifestations, with a high degree of heterogeneity in treatment and prognosis, and is difficult to distinguish from breast cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast is highly sensitive with high soft tissue resolution. The application of MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of NPM has been reported from time to time, but a systematic and comprehensive summary is still lacking. Therefore, this paper describes the MRI imaging performance of NPM and reviews the application progress of MRI and related radiomics technology in NPM, in order to provide a new perspective for precise clinical diagnosis and treatment of NPM.