青年学员接触军事噪声后发生爆震性耳聋的危险因素及就医情况分析

邢霞; 李翔; 吕文亮; 秦春利; 许志芳; 孟文文

doi:10.12435/j.issn.2095-5227.2023.064

青年学员接触军事噪声后发生爆震性耳聋的危险因素及就医情况分析

Risk factors and medical treatment of explosive deafness in university students after exposure to military noise

摘要

摘要:
背景军事噪声主要来源于武器装备、运载工具发动机、枪炮射击等，噪声强度较高。青年学员接触噪声的概率普遍较高，有较高的噪声性听力损伤发生风险。
目的分析青年学员接触军事噪声后发生爆震性耳聋(explosive deafness，ED)的危险因素及就医情况。
方法 2020年7月 - 2021年3月采用随机数表法抽取某高等院校中547例接触过军事噪声的青年学员进行问卷调查，并对调查结果进行统计分析。
结果 547例学员中，男性534例，女性13例，平均(22.77 ± 2.16)岁。最近一次接触军事噪声后学员ED发生率2.87%。多因素分析结果显示，年龄≥25岁(OR=1.998，95% CI：1.072 ~ 3.723）、累积接触军事噪声时长≥6个月(OR=1.996，95% CI：1.053 ~ 3.781)、累积射击次数≥10次(OR=2.061，95% CI：1.030 ~ 4.123)、接触军事噪声时无听力保护措施(OR=2.184，95% CI：1.163 ~ 4.099)、最近一次接触军事噪声强度≥130 dB (OR=2.044，95% CI：1.148 ~ 3.640)、最近一次接触军事噪声源距离＜3 km (OR=1.887，95% CI：1.074 ~ 3.316)的学员发生ED的概率更高(P＜0.05)；ED组学员在最近一次接触军事噪声后就诊率为100%，显著高于对照组的24.81%(P＜0.05)。
结论青年学员接触军事噪声后发生ED的危险因素众多，学员就医意识相对较强。

Abstract:
Background Military noise are mainly induced by weapons and equipment, vehicle engines, guns and cannons, etc., with high noise intensity. The probability of exposure to noise is generally high in cadets, so the risk of noise-induced hearing loss is relatively high.
Objective To analyze the risk factors and medical treatment of explosive deafness (ED) among university students exposed to military noise.
Methods From July 2020 to March 2021, 547 university students exposed to military noise in a military academy were selected by random number table method to conduct a questionnaire survey, and the results were statistically analyzed.
Results The incidence of ED in university students after the last exposure to military noise was 2.87%. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥ 25 years old, cumulative exposure to military noise ≥ 6 months, cumulative shooting times ≥ 10, no hearing protection measures when exposed to military noise, last exposure to military noise intensity ≥ 130 dB, recent exposure to military noise source distance ＜ 3 km were independent risk factors for ED (all P＜0.05). After the last exposure to military noise, the consultation rate of students in the ED group was significantly higher than that in the control group (100% vs 24.81%, P＜0.05).
Conclusion There are many risk factors for ED in university students after exposure to military noise, and the cadets' consciousness of seeking medical treatment is relatively strong.

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