Abstract: Renal diseases have a serious impact on the quality of life of patients and their definitive diagnosis relies on invasive tests. The retinal vasculature and glomeruli belong to the same microcirculatory system, and abnormal changes in retinal vascular parameters are indicative of microcirculatory disorders and may suggest renal damage. Studies have shown that retinal vessel diameter, fractal dimension, and tortuosity are associated with biomarkers suggestive of renal damage, and may be non-invasive indicators for predicting and assessing the progression of renal disease. This article provides a review of the correlation between geometric parameters of the retinal vasculature and renal damage to provide references for the future development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches.