Abstract: Diseases such as trauma, developmental malformation, inflammation or tumor may lead to bone injury, which not only affects human health but also brings a certain degree of economic burden. The treatment of bone injury is a long-term repair process, and mesenchymal stem cells play a crucial role in this process. Their main biological effects include tissue repair and regeneration, hematopoietic support and immune regulation. Physical stimulation is a non-invasive treatment used in orthopedic practice to enhance tissue repair and anabolic activity, which has a certain effect on the function of bone injury mesenchymal stem cells. Effective use of it can promote bone injury repair well and help patients recover early. This article focuses on the effects of physical stimulation such as magnetic field, electric field, ultrasound and light on the function of mesenchymal stem cells in bone injury repair and the related mechanisms, so as to provide a useful reference for the clinical use of physical stimulation in the treatment of bone injury and improve the prognosis.