Abstract: Cold injury is a localized or systemic injury resulting from rapid and severe heat loss when the body is exposed to cold, wet, or windy environments. China's cold regions have strategic importance for national defense and have environmental features such as low temperature, hypoxia, and strong wind. Therefore, first aid and cold injury protection are important subjects of health service guarantee in cold regions. This article reviews the latest research advances on the risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prevention strategies of cold injury among troops in cold regions. The aim is to enhance the knowledge and understanding of frostbite development and treatment among army health personnel and to improve the quality of frostbite prevention and management in cold regions.