Abstract: The monitoring and early warning of infectious diseases, as well as their timely identification and response, have been hot topics globally for years. Over the past 20 years, the national infectious disease early warning system has been continuously improved, and the infectious disease early warning technology in hospitals has also been constantly developing. Currently, infectious disease early warning systems mainly fall into three categories: those based on case monitoring, those based on event monitoring, and those based on symptom monitoring. The commonly used early warning techniques and methods include syndromic surveillance, case reporting early warning, special infectious disease early warning, similar event early warning, data model early warning, and emerging technology early warning. However, these methods have shown limited effectiveness in responding to newly emerging infectious diseases. In the future, it is necessary to deeply integrate monitoring and early warning with cutting-edge technologies and continuously optimize and improve the monitoring and early warning system and methods to provide effective support for responding to newly emerging infectious diseases.