创伤骨科远程手术机器人系统远程治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

Clinical outcomes of trauma orthopedic telesurgical robotic system for remote treatment of femoral neck fractures

  • 摘要:
    摘要:背景 股骨颈骨折发生率高,但其闭合复位、微创置钉空间小,易导致螺钉切出至关节囊,产生严重并发症,因此如何闭合微创精准置入螺钉是临床技术难题。目的 比较远程交互式手术与徒手经皮置钉治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2023年1月— 2024年6月解放军总医院骨科医学部创伤骨科收治的股骨颈骨折患者临床资料,按照手术方式分为远程手术组和徒手置钉组。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中导针调整次数、术中透视次数、骨折愈合时间、髋关节功能 Harris 评分及术后并发症等。结果 共纳入 30 例患者,其中远程手术组 15 例,男 10 例,女 5 例,年龄(48.20±14.09)岁;徒手置钉组15例,男9例,女6例,年龄(47.33±16.44)岁,两组年龄性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。远程手术组手术时间(1.70±0.24) h vs (2.19±0.63) h,P=0.008、术中出血量(23.67±9.35) mL vs (55.00±36.29) mL,P=0.004、导针调整次数(1.93±0.88 vs 6.33±2.77)和术中透视次数(5.13±1.35 vs 11.67±4.04)均低于徒手置钉组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组均得到随访,远程手术组术后骨折愈合时间低于徒手置钉组(17.00±2.33)周 vs (25.00±2.85)周,Harris评分高于徒手置钉组(82.73±6.31)分 vs (72.27±12.52)分,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后并发症中,徒手置钉组有3例螺钉部分切出,导致骨折端不稳,存在骨折延迟愈合,远程手术组螺钉均在位。结论 创伤骨科远程手术机器人系统可对骨折端进行良好复位,缩短手术时间,减少术中透视次数,术后随访髋关节功能Harris评分有优势,是一种对于股骨颈骨折治疗的效果良好的手术方式。

     

    Abstract: Abstract: Background Femoral neck fractures exhibit a high incidence rate and are associated with a significant risk of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. However, the confined space available for closed reduction and minimally invasive screw fixation poses considerable technical challenges. The complexity of the procedure increases the likelihood of screw cut-out into the joint capsule, potentially resulting in severe complications. Consequently, the precise placement of screws through closed minimally invasive techniques remains a critical clinical challenge.Objective To compare the efficacy of remote interactive surgery with freehand percutaneous nailing for the treatment of femoral neck fractures.Methods Clinical data about patients with femoral neck fracture admitted to the Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the methods, patients were divided into tele-surgery group (treated by telesurgery) and freehand nailing group (freehand nailing). The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, number of intraoperative guide pin adjustments, number of intraoperative fluoroscopy, fracture healing time, Harris score of hip function and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 30 patients were included, including 15 patients in the telesurgery group, 10 males and 5 females, aged (48.20±14.09) years old; 15 patients in the freehand nailing group, 9 males and 6 females, aged (47.33±16.44) years old, and the differences in age and gender between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The operation duration (1.70±0.24 h vs 2.19±0.63 h, P=0.008) and intraoperative haemorrhage (23.67±9.35 mL vs 55.00±36.29 mL, P=0.004) in the telesurgery group were lower than that in the freehand pinning group. The differences in the number of guide pin adjustments (1.93±0.88 vs 6.33±2.77) and the number of intraoperative fluoroscopies (5.13±1.35 vs 11.67±4.04) between the two groups were statistically significant (both P<0.01). Both groups were followed up, and the postoperative fracture healing time in the telesurgery group was lower than that in the unarmed nailing group (17.00±2.33 weeks vs  25.00±2.85 weeks), and the Harris score was higher than that in the unarmed nailing group (82.73±6.31 vs 72.27±12.52), with statistically significant differences (both P<0.01). In postoperative complications, 3 cases of partial screw cut-out were observed in the freehand screw placement group, resulting in mechanical instability at the fracture site and subsequent delayed union, whereas all
    screws remained in anatomical position in the robot-assisted surgical group. Conclusion This system can provide good repositioning of the fracture end, shorten the operation time, reduce the number of intraoperative fluoroscopies, and have the advantage of Harris score of hip function in postoperative follow-up, which is an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of femoral neck fracture.

     

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