Abstract: Background　Although intelligent orthopedic robotic surgery can enhance precision and safety, intraoperative emergencies may arise due to algorithm errors, mechanical failures, or human operational mistakes. However, existing guidelines lack systematic emergency response strategies. Objective　To develop an intraoperative emergency checklist for intelligent orthopedic robots. Methods　Based on the SHEL model, a preliminary framework for the emergency checklist system during surgeries with intelligent orthopedic robots was established through literature review and theoretical analysis. The expert consultation method was employed, involving two rounds of Delphi surveys conducted with 17 experts in relevant fields to finalize the checklist. Results　Following the SHEL model, the risk points for intraoperative emergencies were categorized into five dimensions: software-related incidents, hardware-related incidents, environment-related incidents, personnel-related incidents, and interaction-related incidents. Ultimately, a checklist for intelligent orthopedic robot emergencies was constructed, consisting of 5 primary items, 15 secondary items, and 35 tertiary items. Conclusion　The intraoperative emergency checklist for intelligent orthopedic robots has been constructed based on the SHEL model. With its comprehensiveness, scientific rigor, practicality, and feasibility, the checklist aims to enhance the management of intelligent orthopedic robot surgeries, reduce emergency incidence rates, and ensure surgical quality and patient safety.