Abstract: Background　Piezoelectric nerve conduit is a new nerve repair material that can simulate the electrical microenvironment to promote peripheral nerve regeneration, but lacks effective means to control its generation of electrical stimulation.Objective　To explore the effect of low-intensity ultrasound mediated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric nerve conduit in repairing long-distance sciatic nerve defects in rats.Methods　Twenty-four 8-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups, each consists of 6 rats. The 1cm sciatic nerve defect was established and materials were used to repair the nerve defect according to different treatment groups. PVDF catheter and low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIUS) irradiation were used in PVDF+LIUS group; PVDF conduits was used in PVDF group; Polycaprolactone (PCL) catheter and LIUS irradiation were used in the PCL+LIUS group; PCL conduit was used in the PCL group (without piezoelectric material PVDF, i.e. simple nerve conduit and LIUS irradiation group as control group). At 3 weeks after operation, gait analysis was performed on all rats to calculate the sciatic function index (SFI). Afterwards, the rats were immediately euthanized and subjected to gross observation. Masson staining was performed on the gastrocnemius muscle of each group to evaluate the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers. NF200 and S100 immunohistochemical staining were performed on the regenerated nerve tissue of each group to evaluate axonal regeneration and Schwann cell distribution.Results　The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed that PVDF was uniformly distributed on the PCL electrospun scaffold, confirming the successful construction of the piezoelectric material. At 3 weeks post-surgery, the surgical sites in all groups of rats showed no obvious adhesion between the nerves/conduits and surrounding tissues. The conduits were connected properly to both the proximal and distal nerve ends. Upon dissection of the nerve conduits, tissue resembling nerves was observed at the proximal end. At 3 weeks post-surgery, the PVDF+LIUS group exhibited a higher sciatic function index (SFI) compared to the PCL+LIUS, PCL, and PVDF groups (P < 0.05), as well as a greater gastrocnemius muscle wet weight ratio than the other three groups (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining results demonstrated that the regenerative axon length in the PVDF+LIUS group showed a statistically significant difference compared to the other three groups (P < 0.05).Conclusion　The repair effect of low-intensity ultrasound mediated PVDF piezoelectric nerve conduit is superior to that of the PVDF piezoelectric nerve conduit group and the nerve conduit group, as well as the group receiving low-intensity ultrasound treatment alone, which offers a novel therapeutic strategy for the repair of long-distance peripheral nerve defects.