过继混合淋巴细胞免疫治疗在中老年浆细胞瘤中的长期疗效及安全性

Long-term efficacy and safety of adoptive mixed lymphocyte immunotherapy in middle-aged and elderly patients with plasma cell neoplasms

  • 摘要: 背景 浆细胞瘤不可治愈,生存期随年龄增加而逐步降低。尤其是老年多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)患 者,免疫缺陷更严重,合并多种并发症可显著影响预后。目前临床缺乏高龄浆细胞瘤患者可长期耐受、温和的过继免疫细 胞治疗研究。目的 探索基于CD16抗体预激活的过继混合淋巴细胞(adoptive mixed lymphocyte,mixT)免疫治疗对于浆细 胞瘤的长期疗效及安全性。方法 本研究纳入2009年1月1日至2024年12月30日解放军总医院第二医学中心血液病科6例 长期规律接受mixT免疫治疗的浆细胞瘤患者,包括4例MM、1例冒烟型多发性骨髓瘤(smoldering multiple myeloma, SMM)、1例巨灶型多发性骨髓瘤(macrofocal multiple myeloma,MFMM)。将符合质量标准的mixT细胞通过静脉注射到患 者体内。每月输注1次,输注12次以上。观察患者mixT细胞表型变化、生存情况,评估患者疾病状态,输注前后生活质 量、肿瘤相关指标等,并观察不良反应。结果 6例患者初诊中位年龄65.5 (范围:52 ~ 77)岁,截止随访中位年龄80.5 (范 围:55 ~ 84)岁,中位输注次数53 (范围:18 ~ 189)次,培养后CD3+ T细胞、CD8+ T细胞、NKT细胞比例较培养前明显升 高。中位无进展生存时间(PFS)及总生存时间(OS)未达到。至2024年12月30日,1例因疾病进展死亡,4例达到完全缓解 (CR),1例达到严格完全缓解(sCR)。2年PFS率为83.3%,2年OS率为83.3%。mixT细胞输注12疗程后,患者的生活质量 改善,β2微球蛋白下降(P<0.01)。LDH呈下降趋势,但无统计学意义。1例MFMM患者的骨破坏在mixT治疗后明显改善。 输注过程偶有一过性低热和(或)疲乏。结论 初步探索显示mixT作为一种安全有效的过继性免疫细胞疗法,长期治疗可能 帮助中老年浆细胞瘤患者提高免疫功能、促进疾病缓解、提高生活质量,并减轻骨破坏和改善长期预后。

     

    Abstract: Background Plasma cell neoplasms remain incurable, with survival rates progressively declining with age. Particularly in elderly patients with multiple myeloma (MM), severe immunodeficiency and multiple comorbidities significantly worsen prognosis. There is a lack of research on long-term tolerated, gentle adoptive immunotherapy for elderly patients with plasmacytoma.Objective To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of adoptive mixed lymphocyte (mixT) immunotherapy based on CD16 antibody pre-activation for plasma cell neoplasms.Methods This study enrolled 6 patients with plasmacytoma who received long-term regular mixT immunotherapy at the Department of Hematology, the Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 1, 2009 to December 30, 2024, including 4 MM cases, 1 smoldering myeloma (SMM) case, and 1 case of macrofocal multiple myeloma (MFMM). MixT cells meeting quality standards were administered to patients intravenously. Infusions were performed once per month for more than 12 cycles. The phenotypes of patients' mixT cells were observed by flow cytometry, Kaplan-Meier methods were applied to plot survival curves and assess disease status, and quality of life and tumor markers before and after infusion were measured by T-test, and adverse reactions were monitored.Results Among the 6 patients, the median age at initial diagnosis was 65.5 (range: 52-77) years, and the median age at the last follow-up was 80.5 (range: 55-84) years. The median number of infusions administered was 53 (range: 18-189). After culture, the proportions of CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NKT cells were significantly higher than those before culture. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were not reached. As of December 30, 2024, 1 patient died due to disease progression, 4 achieved complete response (CR), and 1 achieved strict complete response (sCR). The 2-year PFS rate was 83.3%, and the 2-year OS rate was 83.3%. After 12 courses of mixT cell infusion, patients showed improved quality of life, with a decrease in β2-microglobulin (P<0.01). LDH showed a downward trend without significant difference. Bone destruction in 1 patient with MFMM was significantly improved after mixT therapy. Transient low-grade fever and/or fatigue occurred occasionally during infusions. Conclusion Preliminary exploration indicates that mixT, as a safe and effective adoptive immunocyte therapy, long-term mixT treatment may help middle aged and elderly patients with plasmacytoma enhance immune function, promote disease remission, improve quality of life, alleviate bone destruction, and improve long-term prognosis.

     

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