CRISPR/Cas9介导的定点同源重组基因插入单质粒系统的设计和验证

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated site-specific homologous recombination for single-plasmid gene insertion system design and validation

  • 摘要: 背景 CRISPR/Cas9系统现已成为基因编辑的核心工具,但在使用过程中仍面临长片段基因整合困难、转基因沉 默等挑战。目的 本研究拟设计一种基于CRISPR/Cas9系统的环状单质粒,以在多种细胞内实现外源基因的定点插入和稳 定表达。方法 将Cas9、靶向特定基因位点的sgRNA及同源重组供体模板(选用绿色荧光蛋白作为报告基因进行验证)整合 至单一环状质粒系统,使用阳离子聚合物转染法将该单质粒递送至细胞内,并通过荧光显微镜观察、PCR扩增及测序鉴定 方法进行验证。结果 该单质粒系统在人类HEK293T和小鼠3T3细胞中实现了长片段基因的精准定点插入。通过荧光显微 镜观察发现,转染后第6天仍保持稳定GFP表达;PCR扩增和Sanger测序验证了插入位点的准确性。流式细胞术显示,在 无药物筛选条件下,293T细胞的靶向整合效率达5.3%。qPCR分析表明,插入后内源ACTB基因表达未受显著影响(变化范 围0.2 ~ 1.3倍),证实了该策略的安全性。结论 本研究为长片段基因的稳定整合提供了一种简便、高效的解决方案,在工 程化细胞构建、转基因体外模型构建中具有重要应用价值。

     

    Abstract: Background The CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as a cornerstone technology for genome editing; however, it still faces challenges such as inefficient long-fragment integration and transgene silencing. Objective To design a circular single plasmid CRISPR/Cas9 system to achieve site-specific integration and stable expression of exogenous genes in multiple cell types. Methods Cas9, sgRNA targeting specific gene loci and homologous recombination donor templates (green fluorescent protein was selected as the reporter gene for verification) were integrated into a single circular plasmid system. The single plasmid was delivered into the cells by Cationic lipid-based transfection method and verified by fluorescence microscopy observation, PCR amplification and sequencing. Results The single-plasmid system achieved precise site-specific insertion of long gene fragments in both human HEK293T and mouse 3T3 cells. Fluorescence microscopy observations revealed that stable GFP expression was maintained even on the 6th day post-transfection. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing confirmed the accuracy of the insertion sites. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that, under drug-free selection conditions, the targeted integration efficiency in 293T cells reached 5.3%. qPCR analysis indicated that the expression of the endogenous ACTB gene remained largely unaffected following insertion (variation range: 0.2–1.3-fold), confirming the safety of this strategy.Conclusion This study provides a simple and efficient solution for stable integration of long-fragment, which has significant potential in engineered cell construction and in vitro transgenic model development.

     

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