Abstract: Background　Existing nursing quality indicator systems cannot meet the management needs arising from the dual functions of military tertiary hospitals. Objective　To construct a key monitoring indicator system for nursing quality in military tertiary hospitals, so as to provide reference for monitoring weak links in routine nursing care and evaluate hospital nursing quality. Methods　Based on Donabedian's theory, a preliminary draft of the indicator system was constructed through literature review and semi-structured interviews. A two-round expert consultation and the TOPSIS were used to construct the key monitoring indicator system for nursing quality in military tertiary hospitals. Results　The constructed key monitoring indicator system for nursing quality in military tertiary hospitals comprises 3 first-level indicators (structure quality, process quality, outcome quality), 9 secondlevel indicators (nursing staffing, nursing workload, nursing training, nursing competency, patient care, nursing management, adverse events, healthcare-associated infections, team stability), and 26 third-level indicators, and each indicator was assigned a relative closeness to the ideal solution. The response rates for both rounds of expert consultation questionnaires were 100%, the expert authority coefficient was 0.914. The Kendall's W were 0.260 and 0.177, respectively (P＜0.01). In TOPSIS, the evaluation criteria weights for criticality, operability, and sensitivity were 0.40, 0.40, and 0.20. Conclusion　The key monitoring indicator system for nursing quality in military tertiary hospitals constructed in this study is highly practical and can serve as a reference tool for nursing quality management.