Abstract: Objective:To investigate the effects of bone marrow stem cells mobilization with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor（G-CSF） for the therapy of myocardial infarction in rabbits.Methods:The 20 rabbits were randomly divided 2 groups, myocardial infarction （MI） was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. In mobilization group（M）,G-CSF （30μg·kg -1·d -1） was injected subcutaneously 3 hours after MI and every 24 hours for 5 days,saline was injected in control group（C）. Echocardiography, hemodynamic studies were performed for the evaluation of cardiac function, and histological study was performed. Results:LV ejection fraction（EF） of group M increased significantly 5 weeks after MI.EF,LV end-diastolic pressure（LVEDP）, LV +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax of group M changed significantly compared with group C. Histological studies revealed that there were BrdU positive cells in the infarcted area of group M, and the vascular density of group M in the infarcted area was significantly greater in comparission with group C. No regeneration of smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes was found.Conclusions:Bone marrow stem cells mobilization with G-CSF significantly improves the cardiac function for the therapy of MI through vasculogenesis in the infarcted area.It may offer a new and non-invasive therapeutic strategy for MI.