Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the results of unilateral exploration for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism caused by parathyroid adenoma.Methods: Clinical data and the surgery results of 24 cases from 2000 to 2005 were retrospectively analysed.Results: All the surgeries for the 24 patients were succeed.19 out of 22 patients who had got only one parathyroid adenoma were underwent unilateral exploration,the rest 3 of the 22 patients were underwent bilateral exploration,2 cases with excessive adenomas were underwent bilateral exploration.All of the cases had got satisfied results.Conclusions: Unilateral exploration is enough to deal with hyperparathyroidism.Anatomical location is important before the surgery for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism.Freezing-pathology can be helped to diagnose the disease and decrease the lesions.