Abstract: Objective To report a rare case of esophageal and gastric fundal submucosal giant hematoma in order to improve its diagnosis and understanding. Methods A rare case of esophageal and gastric fundal submucosal giant hematoma admitted to our hospital in April 2011 with its diagnosis confirmed by gastroscopy,chest CT and ultrasonogastroscopy was retrospectively analyzed with its diagnosis and prevention discussed according to its related domestic and foreign literature. Results Mediastinal CT showed an eccentric stenosis of esophageal lumen.Gastroscopy displayed a giant purplish red streak protuberance in the esophageal lumen with brown bloody vesicles on its surface,which occupied one third of the esophagus.Ultrasonogastroscopy demonstrated lesions in the mucosal and submucosal layer of esophagus and stomach. Conclusion Esophageal and fundal submucosal hematoma is one of rare reasons for chest pain with a good prognosis after conservative treatment.