Abstract: Objective To study the role of self monitoring diary in patients after hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. Methods One hundred and twenty patients,who underwent hematopoietic stem cells transplantation in our hospital from October 2010 to September 2011,were randomly divided into observation group(n=60) and control group(n=60).Self monitoring diaries were handed out to the patients and to be filled in.The diary completed by the patients was checked two weeks after operation and their self-management levels were compared 1 month after operation. Results The knowledge about writing self-monitoring diary and self management level were significantly better in observation group than in control group(P<0.01). Conclusion Writing self monitoring diary can improve the self management ability of patients.