Abstract: Objective To study the quantitative expression of NF-κBp65 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC） and its adjacent hepatitis tissue and its relation with DNA content and cell proliferation cycle. Methods NF-κBp65 expression and DNA content in HCC and its adjacent hepatitis tissue from 50 HCC patients and 10 controls and cell proliferation index（PI） were detected by flow cytometry. Results The fluorescent index（FI） of NF-κBp65 was 1.00±0.19,1.28±0.21,1.32±0.15 and 1.66±0.23,respectively,in normal hepatic tissue,non-HCC hepatitis tissue,adjacent hepatitis tissue and HCC tissue.The NF-κBp65 expression level was higher in HCC tissue than in its adjacent tissue（P＜0.05）.The DNA index（DI） was 1.02±0.17,1.04±0.11,1.09±0.18 and 1.40±0.22,respectively,in normal hepatic tissue,non-HCC hepatitis tissue,adjacent hepatitis tissue and HCC tissue,with the heteroploid in HCC reached 82.00%.The DNA level and heteroploid rate were higher in HCC tissue than in other tissues（P＜0.05）.The cell PI was 11.00±2.79,11.95±2.16,12.81±2.87 and 24.28±4.19,respectively,in normal hepatic tissue,non-HCC hepatitis tissue,adjacent hepatitis tissue and HCC tissue,and was significantly higher in HCC tissue than in other tissues（P＜0.05）. Conclusion Over-expression of NF-κBp65,high DNA content and elevated cell PI are closely related with HCC following hepatitis.