Abstract: Objective To study the effect of vascular invasion on non-small lung cancer (NSLC) patients after surgery. Methods 73 NSCLC patients with vessel invasion who underwent surgical operation in our department from January 2006 to December 2010 served as an experimental group, and 219 NSCLC patients without vessel invasion served as a control group in this study. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Their 1-, 3-, 5- year survival rates and relapse-free survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed by Univariate and multivariate analysis according to the Cox risk model. Results Univariate analysis showed that the risk for the survival of NSCLC patients with vascular invasion after operation was 1.890. The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates of experimental group were 90.32%, 49.77%, 24.89% respectively, which were lower than those of control group(P=0.009, B=9.983). The 1-, 3-, 5- years relapse-free survival rates of experimental group were 69.44%, 55.32%, 55.32%respectively, which were also lower than those in control group(P=0.000, B=23.85). Conclusion Vessel invasion is an important factor that influences survival, recurrence and metastasis of NSCLC after operation.