Abstract: Objective To analyze the reasons for peritoneal rupture and its retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery. Methods Clinical data about 10 patients (6 males and 4 females) aged 18-65 years (mean 43 years) who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery for peritoneal rupture in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 10 patients, 2 underwent partial adrenalectomy, 1 partial nephrectomy, 4 radical nephrectomy, 1 pelvis shaping, and 2 nephroureterectomy. Results The reasons for peritoneal rupture included the patients' body condition, operating skills, anatomic marking ambiguity and impatience of the operator. The managing methods for peritoneal rupture included direct occlusion, evacuating gas from abdominal cavity and protection of peritoneum. Conclusion Peritoneal rupture can usually be avoided and good operating skills for peritoneum contribute to the success of retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery.