Abstract: Objective To compare the condition and safety of tracheal intubation when mivacurium chloramine and rocuronium were used to induce anesthesia. Methods Forty patients admitted to Department of Otorhinolaryngology in our hospital for operation from March 2012 to June 2012 were randomly divided into group 1 and group 2. Patients in group 1 were anesthetized with rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) and those in group 2 were anesthetized with mivacurium chloramine (0.16 mg/kg) for tracheal intubation. The starting time for anesthetics to exert their effect, the maintenance time of anesthesia and the intubation grading were recorded. The clinical manifestations of patients were observed after anesthesia. Results No significant difference was observed in the starting time for anesthetics to exert their effect between the two groups. The maintenance time of anesthesia was significantly shorter in group 2 than in group 1((14.5±3.0) min vs (28.9±6.5) min, P＜ 0.05). The MAP was lower and the heart rate was faster in 1 out of the 3 erubescent patients in group 2. The intubation grading was excellent or good in 20 of group 1 and in 19 patients of group 2. Conclusion Rocuronium and mivacurium chloramine are the ideal muscle relaxants. Mivacurium chloramine is more suitable for short-time and small operation due to its short-term effect.