Abstract: Objective To provide the evidence for aeromedical support in the new period by analyzing the disease spectrum characteristics of pilots admitted to department of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Methods Disease spectrum was established using the clinical data about pilots admitted to department of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery of our hospital from January 2002 to December 2011. Fighter (attack) pilots, transporter (bomber) pilots, and helicopter pilots served as group A, group B, and group C, respectively, in this study. Their disease features were analyzed and compared with the past data. Results Four hundred and forty-seven pilots (594 cases/times) were admitted to our hospital due to ortohinolaryngologic diseases in the past 10 years. The top 10 diseases they suffered were chronic rhinosinusitis, sensorineural deafness, acute rhinitis, OSAHS, aural barotrauma, thyroid tumor, deviation of nasal septum, vertigo, nasal sinus cyst, allergic rhinitis. The incidence of acute rhinitis was higher in group B than in group A(χ²=3.92, P＜ 0.05)whereas that of vertigo, serious flight illusion and airsickness was higher in group A than in group B (χ²=4.25, P＜ 0.05; χ²=12.87, P＜ 0.01; χ²=4.38, P＜ 0.05)and that of meniere's disease was higher in group C than in groups A and B (χ²=4.80, P＜ 0.05; χ²=8.50, P＜ 0.01). The diseases that led to the pilots being grounded were Meniere's disease, sensorineural deafness, aural barotraumas, vertigo, airsickness, and serious flight illusion. Conclusion The admission rate of pilots due to ortohinolaryngologic diseases is high. However, otopathy is the major reason for pilots to be grounded. The incidence of aural barotraumas tends to decrease whereas that of chronic rhinosinusitis, sensorineural deafness, and OSAHS tends to increase as compared with the past data.