Abstract: Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation-assisted branchoscopy sputum suction in patients wearing homemade nose and mouth mask. Methods Thirty-three patients with difficult expectoration who underwent noninvasive mechanical ventilation in our hospital from October 2011 to October 2012 were randomly divided into nose and mouth mask group(n=15) and control group(n=18). Patients in nose and mouth mask group wearing homemade nose and mouth mask underwent noninvasive positive pressure ventilation-assisted bronchoscopy sputum suction and those in control group received traditional sputum suction, namely the mask was removed when sputum was sucked. Their heart rate, respiratory rate, mean blood pressure, and pulse oxygen saturation were recorded before and during sputum suction, bronchoscope entering, at the end of and 10 min after sputum suction and their arterial blood gas level was measured. Results No significant difference was observed in gender, age, and APACHEⅡscore between the two groups(P>0.05). The heart and respiratory rate were lower whereas the pulse oxygen saturation was higher in nose and mouth mask group than in control group at different time points of sputum suction(P<0.05). The pH and PaO₂ were significantly higher whereas the PaCO₂ was significantly lower in nose and mouth mask group than in control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation-assisted bronchoscopy sputum suction can maintain the relatively stable respiratory rate, pulse oxygen saturation and arterial blood gas levels in patients wearing homemade nose and mouth mask with a high safety and is thus of a promise application value.