Abstract: Objective To analyze the relevant factors (including laboratory data, basic diseases, echocardiography parameters and risk factors) for heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF). Methods Five hundred and eleven HF patients at the age of over 40 years, admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to January 2013, were divided into HFNEF group (n=186) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) group (n=325). Their laboratory data, basic diseases and echocardiography parameters were analyzed. Results The patients with HFNEF accounted for 36.4% of all hospitalized HF patients. The age of patients with HFNEF was older, the number of female patients with HFNEF was higher, the serum sodium level was higher while the hemoglobin level was lower, and the incidence of hypertension, atrial fbrillation (AF), cerebral infarction and renal insuffciency was signifcantly higher in HFNEF group than in HFREF group (P＜ 0.05). The serum NT-proBNP level was higher in both groups but signifcantly higher in HFREF group than in HFNEF group (P＜ 0.05). The left ventricle was symmetrically hypertrophy in HFNEF group with a shorter diameter and a normal or less volume or a higher left ventricular mass index (LVMI) than those in HFREF group (P＜ 0.05). Female, hypertension and AF were the independent risk factors for HFNEF (P＜ 0.05). Conclusion HFNEF is a complex syndrome. Female, hypertension and AF are its important risk factors.