Abstract: Objective To provide the theoretical basis for the treatment of war wounds by studying the bacteriology in sheep extremity fire-arm injury during transport in desert area of Southern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Methods Twenty sheep from Southern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region were randomly divided into experimental group and control group (10 in each group). A hind leg fire-arm injury model was established. Sheep in experimental group were evacuated with vehicle and those in control group were not evacuated. The bacteria were cultured in air and the body temperature of sheep was measured at different experiment and evacuation time points. Bacteria from wound secretions were cultured and drug sensitivity was tested in sheep at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h, respectively, after injury. Results The main bacteria cultured in air were Gram-positive. No bacteria were found in wound secretions at 4 h after injury. However, Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were observed in 2 groups at 6 and 12 h after injury. The body temperature began to increase in experimental group at 6 h after injury and in control group at 12 h after injury. The bacteria in 2 groups were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, furadantin, tobramicin and trimesulf. Conclusion The main bacteria found in sheep extremity fire-arm injury during transport in desert area of Southern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region are Gramnegative, antibiotics should thus be rationally used according to the bacteriological features in this area.