Abstract: Objective To study the effect of complex prevention and treatment（CPT） on neck,shoulder and lumbocrural pain in pilots. Methods Four hundred and sixty-three patients with neck,shoulder and lumbocrural pain admitted to our hospital from January 2009 to January 2013 were included in this study.Of them,228 pilots served as a CPT group and 235 local patients served as a control group.Pilots in CPT group received local thermotherapy with Chinese herbal medicine and mineral substances in combination with health protection exercises and health education.The local patients in control group underwent ultrashort wave therapy.Their pain was scored according to the visual analogus scale（VAS） before and after treatment.Their outcomes were assessed according to the Criteria for diagnosis and therapeutic effect of diseases in TCM issued by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1 and 6 months after treatment. Results No significant difference was observed in age,course of disease,distribution of related diseases and VAS score between the two groups before treatment.The VAS score was lower in CPT group than in control group after treatment（P＜0.001）.The total effective rates were 92.54% and 97.81% in CPT group after shortterm（1 month） and long-term（6 months） treatment,which were higher than those in control group（χ²=30.32,P＜0.001;χ²=16.52,P＜0.001）.No pilot was grounded. Conclusion The effect of CPT is significant on neck,shoulder and lumbocrural pain with a lower recurrence rate.