Abstract: Objective To provide the evidence for aeromedical support by studying the disease spectrum of grounded pilots flying different types of aircraft. Methods Three hundred and seventy-two pilots admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to December 2012 were divided into fighter/attacker group (group A), transporter/bomber group (group B), and helicopter group (group C) according to their medical records. Their clinical data were comparatively analyzed. Results The top 10 diseases of grounded pilots were cervical and lumbar spine disorder, primary headache, hypertension, poor acceleration tolerance, ground syncope, neurosis, ametropia, aero-otitis media, arrhythmia, diabetes mellitus. The grounded constituent ratio of poor acceleration tolerance was higher in group A than in groups B and C (χ²=8.86, P< 0.01; χ²=4.00, P< 0.05). The grounded constituent ratio of ground syncope was lower in group B than in groups C and A (χ²=3.98, P< 0.05; χ²=7.03, P< 0.05). No significant difference was found in the grounded constituent ratio of the other top 8 diseases among the 3 groups. The highest grounded age was 35-39 years, accounting for 27.96%. Conclusion The disease spectrum of grounded pilots is widely distributed. The grounded constituent ratio of poor acceleration tolerance is higher in pilots of fighter/attacker and transporter/bomber than in those of other types of aircraft, while that of ground syncope is lower in pilots of transporter/bomber than in those of other types of aircraft. The top 4 involved departments are departments of neurology, orthopedics, otorhinolaryngology, cardiovasology.