Abstract: Objective To explore the risk factors of acute kidney injury in early stage after aortic dissection surgery. Methods Clinical data of 104 patients who underwent aortic dissection surgery admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups (AKI group and Non-AKI group) according to the KDIGO defnition criteria and perioperative variables were analyzed in both groups. The risk factors of acute kidney injury were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results AKI occurred in 78 patients (75.0%) within early 48 hours postoperatively, 12 patients (11.5%) received renal replacement therapy and 5 patients (4.8%) died in hospital. The logistic regression analysis revealed that hypertension, cardiopulmonary bypass time and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time over 40 minutes were the independent risk factors of acute kidney injury in early stage after aortic dissection surgery. Conclusion AKI is a very common complication after aortic dissection surgery. Hypertension, cardiopulmonary bypass time and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time over 40 minutes are the independent risk factor of acute kidney injury in early stage after aortic dissection surgery.