Abstract: Objective To provide the evidence for the prevention and treatment of bacterial viginosis (BV) by detecting the vagina microecology． Methods Seventy four BV patients adm itted to our hospital from June to August in 2013 were randomly divided into metronidazole gel treatment group and clindamycin phosphate ovule treatment group． The efficiency of drug treatment was assessed according to their Nugent score, dom inant bacteria, H₂O₂, and sialidase． The curative rate, eff cacy, recurrence and vagina microecology were recorded 1 week and 1 month after withdrawal of drugs． Results The average pH value in vagina secretion before treatment was 4．96, 4．53, 4．49 respectively, and the Nugent score during the two follow-up periods was 8．15, 2．36, 2．83 respectively in the 66 BV patients． The eff cacy of two follow-up periods was 100% and 80．30% respectively according to the Nugent score． The vagina microecology remained abnormal in 29 (43．94%) patients and 27 (40．91%) patients respectively． The pH value was > 4．5, the Nugent score was 4-6 or ≥7, the vagina fora density wasⅠorⅣ, the dominant bacteria were Gram-negative small bacilli or vibrios, and the H₂O₂ was positive in the patients． Of the 66 BV patients, 9 (13．64%) were diagnosed with aerobic vaginitis and 4 (6．06%) were diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis． No signif cant difference was observed in symptom improvement rate, effective rate, and recurrence rate between the two groups after one course of treatment or during the two follow-up periods (P> 0．05)． Conclusion Metronidazole gel and clindamycin phosphate ovule can be used as alternative drugs in treatment of simple BV． It is of great value to monitor the vagina microecology in diagnosis and treatment of BV．