Abstract: Objective To investigate the 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in People’s Armed Police recruits before military training, and observe the 25-hydroxyvitamin D changes after military training. Methods From December 2012 to March 2013, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathormone levels of 86 recruits as the research object were randomly selected and measured by the automatic chemiluminescence assay before and after military training. Results 25-hydroxyvitamin D average level before military training was（13.94±5.78） ng/ml. According to the 25-hydroxyvitamin D standard recommended by the Institute of Medicine, the adequacy group, the inadequacy group and the deficiency group occupied 17.44%, 37.21%, 45.35% respectively. However, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D significantly declined by 2 ng/ml（14%） and parathormone level raised nearly 11 pg/ml（30%） after military training. Conclusion The recruits are short of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Military training worsens 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and may activate the parathyroid hormone path in the body.